Block #846,609

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/9/2014, 5:42:27 PM · Difficulty 10.9723 · 5,984,712 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
246b335f3d2130c8010d9a205fd6dd2886c7861e7b61ce76dc50c520a17aaefa

Height

#846,609

Difficulty

10.972263

Transactions

17

Size

4.49 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af8e641

Nonce

1,635,506,883

Timestamp

12/9/2014, 5:42:27 PM

Confirmations

5,984,712

Merkle Root

02db03394e5fc5d09020d1052d60d7c3b8f39ed6c0fbb419f3314c4f4f0f23ca
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.366 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13663160372154147487…41448334361753447999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.366 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13663160372154147487…41448334361753447999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.366 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13663160372154147487…41448334361753448001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.732 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27326320744308294974…82896668723506895999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.732 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27326320744308294974…82896668723506896001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.465 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
54652641488616589949…65793337447013791999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.465 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
54652641488616589949…65793337447013792001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.093 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10930528297723317989…31586674894027583999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.093 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10930528297723317989…31586674894027584001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.186 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21861056595446635979…63173349788055167999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.186 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21861056595446635979…63173349788055168001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,894,719 XPM·at block #6,831,320 · updates every 60s
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