Block #846,299

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/9/2014, 12:28:03 PM · Difficulty 10.9723 · 5,995,639 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
69ac6aec5b54a55540a6b04dc8935d18917bbeeaddf3753740cbb9e27de30064

Height

#846,299

Difficulty

10.972258

Transactions

16

Size

3.89 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af8e5e8

Nonce

1,161,648,471

Timestamp

12/9/2014, 12:28:03 PM

Confirmations

5,995,639

Merkle Root

799c86acb5edaf97a843f6ec6ab0de5e663b3ca4004db74d861391c4dcb3d052
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.849 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
98499635764100700541…39198819059789624319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.849 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
98499635764100700541…39198819059789624319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.849 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
98499635764100700541…39198819059789624321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.969 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19699927152820140108…78397638119579248639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.969 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19699927152820140108…78397638119579248641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.939 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
39399854305640280216…56795276239158497279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.939 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
39399854305640280216…56795276239158497281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.879 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
78799708611280560432…13590552478316994559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.879 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
78799708611280560432…13590552478316994561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.575 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15759941722256112086…27181104956633989119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.575 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15759941722256112086…27181104956633989121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.151 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
31519883444512224173…54362209913267978239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,979,884 XPM·at block #6,841,937 · updates every 60s
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