Block #846,187

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/9/2014, 10:28:51 AM · Difficulty 10.9723 · 5,995,599 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2672e63bca00a317a0124518a792f7053c21c4b40cb7bf3651644d126d78fc61

Height

#846,187

Difficulty

10.972290

Transactions

13

Size

4.72 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af8e806

Nonce

1,065,324,938

Timestamp

12/9/2014, 10:28:51 AM

Confirmations

5,995,599

Merkle Root

251bb8ae65bda947544962404b98f79e1ede7a837ecb735929e9566929e25c38
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.128 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
21283217073404447996…45669654427430548159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.128 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
21283217073404447996…45669654427430548159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.128 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
21283217073404447996…45669654427430548161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.256 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
42566434146808895993…91339308854861096319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.256 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
42566434146808895993…91339308854861096321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.513 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
85132868293617791986…82678617709722192639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.513 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
85132868293617791986…82678617709722192641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.702 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17026573658723558397…65357235419444385279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.702 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17026573658723558397…65357235419444385281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.405 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
34053147317447116794…30714470838888770559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.405 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
34053147317447116794…30714470838888770561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
6.810 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
68106294634894233589…61428941677777541119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,978,666 XPM·at block #6,841,785 · updates every 60s
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