Block #846,069

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/9/2014, 8:14:10 AM · Difficulty 10.9724 · 5,996,286 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8af54fd2e7a608263339e8d2e1be6e342c968a2397560df25223151198cb0b9a

Height

#846,069

Difficulty

10.972383

Transactions

13

Size

3.43 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af8ee13

Nonce

318,031,873

Timestamp

12/9/2014, 8:14:10 AM

Confirmations

5,996,286

Merkle Root

b6590aa1c983de4c3153ba3eee7c78715074404c5a82acb9d0a976f4e4eb2869
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.186 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
91861385464081050138…24841463805499141999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.186 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
91861385464081050138…24841463805499141999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.186 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
91861385464081050138…24841463805499142001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.837 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18372277092816210027…49682927610998283999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.837 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18372277092816210027…49682927610998284001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.674 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
36744554185632420055…99365855221996567999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.674 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
36744554185632420055…99365855221996568001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.348 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
73489108371264840110…98731710443993135999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.348 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
73489108371264840110…98731710443993136001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.469 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14697821674252968022…97463420887986271999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.469 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14697821674252968022…97463420887986272001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,983,247 XPM·at block #6,842,354 · updates every 60s
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