Block #845,129

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/8/2014, 3:51:52 PM · Difficulty 10.9726 · 5,985,914 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
653f970ce2af8d5fd46750788652621e885aa233e93fda93e0624e1bc4b208e0

Height

#845,129

Difficulty

10.972583

Transactions

10

Size

2.30 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af8fb39

Nonce

469,475,766

Timestamp

12/8/2014, 3:51:52 PM

Confirmations

5,985,914

Merkle Root

4f0f2f571a12edf632a8b9d3ca9e85e7e8f928de3cb3974a8058a14a9f9a46e5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.366 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
93662963863239282529…83404639365878943199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.366 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
93662963863239282529…83404639365878943199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.366 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
93662963863239282529…83404639365878943201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.873 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18732592772647856505…66809278731757886399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.873 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18732592772647856505…66809278731757886401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.746 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
37465185545295713011…33618557463515772799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.746 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
37465185545295713011…33618557463515772801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.493 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
74930371090591426023…67237114927031545599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.493 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
74930371090591426023…67237114927031545601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.498 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14986074218118285204…34474229854063091199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.498 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14986074218118285204…34474229854063091201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,892,481 XPM·at block #6,831,042 · updates every 60s
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