Block #844,989

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/8/2014, 1:18:19 PM · Difficulty 10.9726 · 5,963,829 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
43111ec5944b9d228e4de493400b406d622cec641d86fd1ac62ae6b4f95faa9e

Height

#844,989

Difficulty

10.972647

Transactions

12

Size

58.87 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af8ff6a

Nonce

468,014,878

Timestamp

12/8/2014, 1:18:19 PM

Confirmations

5,963,829

Merkle Root

e26497075c7e81bf4de983bbd451ef65ed61385eaf828b4a42a6ed6ca3a7fe8c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.036 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10366077710557213085…94253243318068879359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.036 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10366077710557213085…94253243318068879359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.036 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10366077710557213085…94253243318068879361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.073 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20732155421114426170…88506486636137758719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.073 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20732155421114426170…88506486636137758721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.146 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
41464310842228852341…77012973272275517439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.146 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
41464310842228852341…77012973272275517441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.292 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
82928621684457704682…54025946544551034879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.292 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
82928621684457704682…54025946544551034881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.658 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
16585724336891540936…08051893089102069759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.658 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
16585724336891540936…08051893089102069761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.317 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
33171448673783081872…16103786178204139519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,714,601 XPM·at block #6,808,817 · updates every 60s
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