Block #843,222

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/7/2014, 6:03:17 AM · Difficulty 10.9732 · 5,999,567 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e530960f664f0a91bb438a061056d6e5d2caa6e617b90a51bde8c269b8c0705e

Height

#843,222

Difficulty

10.973185

Transactions

15

Size

4.90 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af922aa

Nonce

950,985,698

Timestamp

12/7/2014, 6:03:17 AM

Confirmations

5,999,567

Merkle Root

5c790a10fb21db0083f4b19f081c2453575eab8f9962c9f6b1b1d8603f889715
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.061 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30615838204317465345…76907303420488744959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.061 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30615838204317465345…76907303420488744959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.061 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30615838204317465345…76907303420488744961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.123 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
61231676408634930690…53814606840977489919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.123 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
61231676408634930690…53814606840977489921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.224 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12246335281726986138…07629213681954979839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.224 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12246335281726986138…07629213681954979841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.449 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
24492670563453972276…15258427363909959679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.449 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
24492670563453972276…15258427363909959681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.898 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
48985341126907944552…30516854727819919359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.898 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
48985341126907944552…30516854727819919361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
9.797 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
97970682253815889105…61033709455639838719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,986,650 XPM·at block #6,842,788 · updates every 60s
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