Block #843,085

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/7/2014, 3:27:28 AM · Difficulty 10.9733 · 5,999,320 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e4a66415d4ae1b6d80c18f34a75d8bcd048bc74b8ee9731637e5a73d9bff1870

Height

#843,085

Difficulty

10.973275

Transactions

6

Size

1.59 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af92892

Nonce

3,105,212,562

Timestamp

12/7/2014, 3:27:28 AM

Confirmations

5,999,320

Merkle Root

44e3cb136e5f8ce19efd3d8bb493e5b052381e2ee345b95c2c610038be491aa8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.693 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
96938540500214309164…81104522436491431159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.693 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
96938540500214309164…81104522436491431159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.693 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
96938540500214309164…81104522436491431161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.938 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19387708100042861832…62209044872982862319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.938 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19387708100042861832…62209044872982862321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.877 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38775416200085723665…24418089745965724639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.877 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38775416200085723665…24418089745965724641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.755 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
77550832400171447331…48836179491931449279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.755 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
77550832400171447331…48836179491931449281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.551 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15510166480034289466…97672358983862898559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.551 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15510166480034289466…97672358983862898561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,983,652 XPM·at block #6,842,404 · updates every 60s
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