Block #842,821

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/6/2014, 10:28:07 PM · Difficulty 10.9735 · 6,002,094 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
af6d2d404911ebcc38b29cefa7dc0c22d5b77e26a478b2915df55c5fea386228

Height

#842,821

Difficulty

10.973459

Transactions

7

Size

1.52 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af93499

Nonce

541,482,776

Timestamp

12/6/2014, 10:28:07 PM

Confirmations

6,002,094

Merkle Root

a86e77e94fcf492e2dcc5128e01ee7ad36b274cfd5ba586bbe671d0a307dcd0b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.580 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25803694407137142812…89316522319502570239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.580 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25803694407137142812…89316522319502570239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.580 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25803694407137142812…89316522319502570241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.160 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
51607388814274285624…78633044639005140479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.160 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
51607388814274285624…78633044639005140481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.032 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10321477762854857124…57266089278010280959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.032 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10321477762854857124…57266089278010280961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.064 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20642955525709714249…14532178556020561919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.064 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20642955525709714249…14532178556020561921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.128 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
41285911051419428499…29064357112041123839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.128 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
41285911051419428499…29064357112041123841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:58,003,736 XPM·at block #6,844,914 · updates every 60s
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