Block #842,277

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/6/2014, 12:32:48 PM · Difficulty 10.9737 · 6,001,265 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cafba8d20648ce5bfbcec1f495070959f8137d834170522982c3b0a1b9da3e34

Height

#842,277

Difficulty

10.973704

Transactions

8

Size

2.14 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af944b2

Nonce

407,491,428

Timestamp

12/6/2014, 12:32:48 PM

Confirmations

6,001,265

Merkle Root

f1655ccd582668eaabe9c969f0dc3835a412b872ffa4bb06d7581262af1ffe0c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.691 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16911417987907929370…10401033778632691199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.691 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16911417987907929370…10401033778632691199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.691 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16911417987907929370…10401033778632691201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.382 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
33822835975815858740…20802067557265382399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.382 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
33822835975815858740…20802067557265382401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.764 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
67645671951631717480…41604135114530764799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.764 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
67645671951631717480…41604135114530764801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.352 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13529134390326343496…83208270229061529599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.352 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13529134390326343496…83208270229061529601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.705 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
27058268780652686992…66416540458123059199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.705 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
27058268780652686992…66416540458123059201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,992,711 XPM·at block #6,843,541 · updates every 60s
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