Block #837,923

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/3/2014, 6:32:30 AM · Difficulty 10.9752 · 6,004,057 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b397b278b97ec5a62d0ca5d3da4310a071f49b8234b320b3a8f70cca3c7dcb94

Height

#837,923

Difficulty

10.975227

Transactions

10

Size

2.88 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af9a878

Nonce

1,562,510,206

Timestamp

12/3/2014, 6:32:30 AM

Confirmations

6,004,057

Merkle Root

247171d931800267ad402d267002d3698194d0b93fbb39af7db865f1fdd798a1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.167 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11672572643789282635…09767361741593891199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.167 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11672572643789282635…09767361741593891199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.167 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11672572643789282635…09767361741593891201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.334 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
23345145287578565270…19534723483187782399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.334 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
23345145287578565270…19534723483187782401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.669 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
46690290575157130541…39069446966375564799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.669 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
46690290575157130541…39069446966375564801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.338 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
93380581150314261082…78138893932751129599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.338 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
93380581150314261082…78138893932751129601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.867 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18676116230062852216…56277787865502259199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.867 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18676116230062852216…56277787865502259201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,980,225 XPM·at block #6,841,979 · updates every 60s
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