Block #837,579

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/2/2014, 11:23:18 PM · Difficulty 10.9756 · 5,970,264 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
93ef3d97dfc1882dbcc8d2c893054a3d7c5c3eb749b58bf15adab6b9eee8a0cf

Height

#837,579

Difficulty

10.975630

Transactions

9

Size

2.11 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af9c2de

Nonce

2,409,724,715

Timestamp

12/2/2014, 11:23:18 PM

Confirmations

5,970,264

Merkle Root

154e00a4c40954ac952a2549e6a58692f02efda70fabf1c38955318a30c52d5c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.749 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
97496535588198575926…51652296667248775999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.749 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
97496535588198575926…51652296667248775999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.749 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
97496535588198575926…51652296667248776001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.949 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19499307117639715185…03304593334497551999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.949 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19499307117639715185…03304593334497552001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.899 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38998614235279430370…06609186668995103999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.899 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38998614235279430370…06609186668995104001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.799 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
77997228470558860741…13218373337990207999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.799 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
77997228470558860741…13218373337990208001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.559 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15599445694111772148…26436746675980415999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.559 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15599445694111772148…26436746675980416001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,706,774 XPM·at block #6,807,841 · updates every 60s
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