Block #835,370

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/1/2014, 6:10:28 AM · Difficulty 10.9768 · 5,970,665 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cd944cfc31be216298172e7d51cc2114a624cf942aa368ece0410a8ed1aacc81

Height

#835,370

Difficulty

10.976814

Transactions

10

Size

2.48 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afa1080

Nonce

859,858,810

Timestamp

12/1/2014, 6:10:28 AM

Confirmations

5,970,665

Merkle Root

6e5f3c3496f3e9896b66aaa7af93b66f0e8498114b06aad1c8a9a3aa772a6481
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.267 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22671271718545435053…21937197892731476239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.267 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22671271718545435053…21937197892731476239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.267 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22671271718545435053…21937197892731476241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.534 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
45342543437090870106…43874395785462952479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.534 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
45342543437090870106…43874395785462952481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.068 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
90685086874181740212…87748791570925904959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.068 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
90685086874181740212…87748791570925904961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.813 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18137017374836348042…75497583141851809919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.813 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18137017374836348042…75497583141851809921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.627 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36274034749672696085…50995166283703619839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.627 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36274034749672696085…50995166283703619841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.254 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
72548069499345392170…01990332567407239679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,692,360 XPM·at block #6,806,034 · updates every 60s
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