Block #835,050

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/1/2014, 12:41:35 AM · Difficulty 10.9768 · 5,973,998 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a893ea0593e83fb8dceebacdfa769daa5d24d89a287d05cca386fb2d21dad64a

Height

#835,050

Difficulty

10.976848

Transactions

7

Size

1.67 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afa12af

Nonce

672,920,056

Timestamp

12/1/2014, 12:41:35 AM

Confirmations

5,973,998

Merkle Root

da0e323314ba727537f65ee1f3ef74001e72c14980305db1bafde3465989c29c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.745 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77452763264860445275…52258180073716940799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.745 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77452763264860445275…52258180073716940799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.745 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77452763264860445275…52258180073716940801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.549 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15490552652972089055…04516360147433881599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.549 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15490552652972089055…04516360147433881601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.098 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30981105305944178110…09032720294867763199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.098 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30981105305944178110…09032720294867763201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.196 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
61962210611888356220…18065440589735526399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.196 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
61962210611888356220…18065440589735526401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.239 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12392442122377671244…36130881179471052799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.239 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12392442122377671244…36130881179471052801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.478 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
24784884244755342488…72261762358942105599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,716,448 XPM·at block #6,809,047 · updates every 60s
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