Block #826,954

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/25/2014, 5:26:57 AM · Difficulty 10.9778 · 5,984,195 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e9474005deb55847f27fdb996c80ddcae4e47c86359c92942ebb2027331724c2

Height

#826,954

Difficulty

10.977751

Transactions

6

Size

1.45 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afa4de6

Nonce

23,234,334

Timestamp

11/25/2014, 5:26:57 AM

Confirmations

5,984,195

Merkle Root

3b1da1b36086109008dc9224572daf3fb51e65a5ca1c5bf29dc9842e9d48b0d1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.843 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
78431387067707784867…52088521711851576319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.843 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
78431387067707784867…52088521711851576319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.843 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
78431387067707784867…52088521711851576321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.568 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15686277413541556973…04177043423703152639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.568 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15686277413541556973…04177043423703152641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.137 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
31372554827083113946…08354086847406305279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.137 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
31372554827083113946…08354086847406305281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.274 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
62745109654166227893…16708173694812610559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.274 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
62745109654166227893…16708173694812610561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.254 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12549021930833245578…33416347389625221119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.254 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12549021930833245578…33416347389625221121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,733,302 XPM·at block #6,811,148 · updates every 60s
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