Block #826,838

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/25/2014, 3:47:17 AM · Difficulty 10.9777 · 5,999,863 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
37cdf2cef5194157d577547a01a251bb18baeb1c4f2ba6031a2e5bc2373fb72c

Height

#826,838

Difficulty

10.977673

Transactions

8

Size

2.32 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afa48cc

Nonce

378,549,697

Timestamp

11/25/2014, 3:47:17 AM

Confirmations

5,999,863

Merkle Root

db4db68ad5c2a8753786a5790a8513e467975e3fafedba88887072732fbe70ac
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.151 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11515366803225382583…10818912952420075519
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.151 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11515366803225382583…10818912952420075519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.151 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11515366803225382583…10818912952420075521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.303 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
23030733606450765167…21637825904840151039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.303 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
23030733606450765167…21637825904840151041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.606 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
46061467212901530335…43275651809680302079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.606 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
46061467212901530335…43275651809680302081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.212 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
92122934425803060670…86551303619360604159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.212 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
92122934425803060670…86551303619360604161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.842 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18424586885160612134…73102607238721208319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.842 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18424586885160612134…73102607238721208321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,857,760 XPM·at block #6,826,700 · updates every 60s
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