Block #826,752

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/25/2014, 2:10:30 AM · Difficulty 10.9777 · 5,971,835 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
97f20652efbdc844600db1184d2141bc40a2a06e812be8c899dfa56b63544c34

Height

#826,752

Difficulty

10.977706

Transactions

6

Size

2.17 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afa4af7

Nonce

1,298,249,670

Timestamp

11/25/2014, 2:10:30 AM

Confirmations

5,971,835

Merkle Root

f4a12fa6083e45bd67b9e52faf295441799265762b9ba6d76486c81a683c3ea7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.445 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
54457064197897331871…37812336967747514329
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.445 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
54457064197897331871…37812336967747514329
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.445 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
54457064197897331871…37812336967747514331
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.089 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10891412839579466374…75624673935495028659
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.089 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10891412839579466374…75624673935495028661
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.178 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21782825679158932748…51249347870990057319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.178 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21782825679158932748…51249347870990057321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.356 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43565651358317865496…02498695741980114639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.356 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43565651358317865496…02498695741980114641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.713 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
87131302716635730993…04997391483960229279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.713 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
87131302716635730993…04997391483960229281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.742 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17426260543327146198…09994782967920458559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,632,708 XPM·at block #6,798,586 · updates every 60s
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