Block #824,712

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/23/2014, 6:16:50 PM · Difficulty 10.9771 · 5,983,593 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6127fbc1525ada3d40d5b1aaa126cfe0f80b28790a296c506f85b2462028d40d

Height

#824,712

Difficulty

10.977083

Transactions

6

Size

1.24 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afa221c

Nonce

130,570,588

Timestamp

11/23/2014, 6:16:50 PM

Confirmations

5,983,593

Merkle Root

d751a397a4afad05e2b79620854bba730100287800c8c307da38512193c1cca8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.588 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35883696504555433966…97929091581474993599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.588 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35883696504555433966…97929091581474993599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.588 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35883696504555433966…97929091581474993601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.176 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
71767393009110867933…95858183162949987199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.176 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
71767393009110867933…95858183162949987201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.435 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14353478601822173586…91716366325899974399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.435 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14353478601822173586…91716366325899974401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.870 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28706957203644347173…83432732651799948799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.870 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28706957203644347173…83432732651799948801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.741 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
57413914407288694347…66865465303599897599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.741 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
57413914407288694347…66865465303599897601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,710,494 XPM·at block #6,808,304 · updates every 60s
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