Block #824,277

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/23/2014, 11:47:48 AM · Difficulty 10.9769 · 5,977,278 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
fbf8b22eb7140ad7e9ed66216ad396f0fe974c10354870d771ffa0418fb999e2

Height

#824,277

Difficulty

10.976852

Transactions

17

Size

3.73 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afa12fb

Nonce

287,315,494

Timestamp

11/23/2014, 11:47:48 AM

Confirmations

5,977,278

Merkle Root

0e33694f76cb2c7306975293acdbadff69b49f73357efc6e8fe4ca545e7beae7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.442 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24421173849201855943…45992073512578200399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.442 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24421173849201855943…45992073512578200399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.442 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24421173849201855943…45992073512578200401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.884 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
48842347698403711886…91984147025156400799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.884 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
48842347698403711886…91984147025156400801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.768 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
97684695396807423773…83968294050312801599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.768 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
97684695396807423773…83968294050312801601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.953 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19536939079361484754…67936588100625603199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.953 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19536939079361484754…67936588100625603201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.907 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39073878158722969509…35873176201251206399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.907 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39073878158722969509…35873176201251206401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.814 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
78147756317445939018…71746352402502412799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,656,520 XPM·at block #6,801,554 · updates every 60s
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