Block #82,263

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/25/2013, 7:22:24 AM · Difficulty 9.2763 · 6,721,192 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
334f815e92f06a48fa0259c3315bffe66109c0daa9230613d72747a8f6e2944e

Height

#82,263

Difficulty

9.276269

Transactions

2

Size

873 B

Version

2

Bits

0946b98d

Nonce

636,530

Timestamp

7/25/2013, 7:22:24 AM

Confirmations

6,721,192

Merkle Root

16189e35c4c95f5da4b1a6436347b1b2f55d9ba1ec8648b8c22079542a83e00e
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.694 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
46942663762574838711…94343843665667235571
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.694 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
46942663762574838711…94343843665667235571
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.388 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
93885327525149677422…88687687331334471141
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.877 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
18777065505029935484…77375374662668942281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.755 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
37554131010059870968…54750749325337884561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.510 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
75108262020119741937…09501498650675769121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.502 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
15021652404023948387…19002997301351538241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.004 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
30043304808047896775…38005994602703076481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.008 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
60086609616095793550…76011989205406152961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.201 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
12017321923219158710…52023978410812305921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,671,667 XPM·at block #6,803,454 · updates every 60s
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