Block #81,171

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/24/2013, 2:29:08 PM · Difficulty 9.2645 · 6,734,884 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
3be4ebddd7ec7c01b364b19834160983c86ac3a3aa1ef8f2ba8e2701f7b45698

Height

#81,171

Difficulty

9.264500

Transactions

2

Size

395 B

Version

2

Bits

0943b643

Nonce

7,692

Timestamp

7/24/2013, 2:29:08 PM

Confirmations

6,734,884

Merkle Root

70cd4361d163169c4aa9e2447c2f79ddea2265c1966840bb6d0e3753904d3820
Transactions (2)
1 in → 1 out11.6400 XPM109 B
1 in → 1 out999.9900 XPM192 B
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.093 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
20935137269622634933…45380821158650058601
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.093 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
20935137269622634933…45380821158650058601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.187 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
41870274539245269866…90761642317300117201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
8.374 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
83740549078490539732…81523284634600234401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.674 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
16748109815698107946…63046569269200468801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.349 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
33496219631396215892…26093138538400937601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.699 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
66992439262792431785…52186277076801875201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.339 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
13398487852558486357…04372554153603750401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.679 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
26796975705116972714…08745108307207500801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.359 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
53593951410233945428…17490216614415001601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,772,555 XPM·at block #6,816,054 · updates every 60s
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