Block #791,899

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/1/2014, 8:23:06 AM · Difficulty 10.9734 · 6,013,003 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4285bbfcfdec8f0408ac8036e6584b47b8afda06520e02bc0686961f6ebcba60

Height

#791,899

Difficulty

10.973417

Transactions

8

Size

1.71 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af931d5

Nonce

362,582,605

Timestamp

11/1/2014, 8:23:06 AM

Confirmations

6,013,003

Merkle Root

9bc3b0992e4ce22da8999d1f0d8bc96364e8fa68ddb9355955e39adcad42614c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.426 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14263704453811979670…07744560407751903999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.426 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14263704453811979670…07744560407751903999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.426 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14263704453811979670…07744560407751904001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.852 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
28527408907623959341…15489120815503807999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.852 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
28527408907623959341…15489120815503808001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.705 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
57054817815247918682…30978241631007615999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.705 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
57054817815247918682…30978241631007616001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.141 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11410963563049583736…61956483262015231999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.141 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11410963563049583736…61956483262015232001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.282 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22821927126099167473…23912966524030463999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.282 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22821927126099167473…23912966524030464001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.564 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
45643854252198334946…47825933048060927999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,683,287 XPM·at block #6,804,901 · updates every 60s
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