Block #791,216

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/31/2014, 9:44:17 PM · Difficulty 10.9731 · 6,016,395 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ce785f80192dfe2730f7d4e1304abaecc90723998f74d104bb17315e4d10ad6b

Height

#791,216

Difficulty

10.973148

Transactions

7

Size

3.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af92036

Nonce

338,568,211

Timestamp

10/31/2014, 9:44:17 PM

Confirmations

6,016,395

Merkle Root

ae4e366967c2996f4bd14bcf81662c34d956be92552006b29f659a59f49ca9c8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.794 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17942832520316708657…85589483013479030239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.794 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17942832520316708657…85589483013479030239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.794 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17942832520316708657…85589483013479030241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.588 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35885665040633417315…71178966026958060479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.588 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35885665040633417315…71178966026958060481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.177 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
71771330081266834631…42357932053916120959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.177 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
71771330081266834631…42357932053916120961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.435 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14354266016253366926…84715864107832241919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.435 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14354266016253366926…84715864107832241921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.870 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28708532032506733852…69431728215664483839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.870 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28708532032506733852…69431728215664483841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,704,918 XPM·at block #6,807,610 · updates every 60s
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