Block #790,846

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/31/2014, 3:08:37 PM · Difficulty 10.9733 · 6,025,847 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cfd94ba8d071d73a5d63ac480c252d33ab83ae3ef538981ccb72114de1b1c37a

Height

#790,846

Difficulty

10.973287

Transactions

7

Size

2.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af92952

Nonce

2,003,144,807

Timestamp

10/31/2014, 3:08:37 PM

Confirmations

6,025,847

Merkle Root

6da4a58a70bc28a895bf6bd7cab7f5b1a2d29913aec4fe7ae5acacd03d7f85d4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.966 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
59667725379447279635…00111996511335219199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.966 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
59667725379447279635…00111996511335219199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.966 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
59667725379447279635…00111996511335219201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.193 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11933545075889455927…00223993022670438399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.193 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11933545075889455927…00223993022670438401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.386 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
23867090151778911854…00447986045340876799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.386 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
23867090151778911854…00447986045340876801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.773 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
47734180303557823708…00895972090681753599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.773 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
47734180303557823708…00895972090681753601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.546 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
95468360607115647417…01791944181363507199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.546 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
95468360607115647417…01791944181363507201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,777,666 XPM·at block #6,816,692 · updates every 60s
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