Block #78,075

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/22/2013, 4:21:02 PM · Difficulty 9.2147 · 6,717,681 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
268c8e1d30333a4446c4296f4009be146ba18543598da958bd25fb1d391cc9aa

Height

#78,075

Difficulty

9.214726

Transactions

2

Size

726 B

Version

2

Bits

0936f84f

Nonce

689

Timestamp

7/22/2013, 4:21:02 PM

Confirmations

6,717,681

Merkle Root

673dbbd4760297c9681cae696144dba63007ad5726d0c999845da3af3dda7b44
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.657 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
16574985451113772993…64633253700273237341
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.657 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
16574985451113772993…64633253700273237341
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.314 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
33149970902227545986…29266507400546474681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.629 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
66299941804455091973…58533014801092949361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.325 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
13259988360891018394…17066029602185898721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.651 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
26519976721782036789…34132059204371797441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.303 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
53039953443564073578…68264118408743594881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.060 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
10607990688712814715…36528236817487189761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.121 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
21215981377425629431…73056473634974379521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.243 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
42431962754851258863…46112947269948759041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,610,128 XPM·at block #6,795,755 · updates every 60s
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