Block #77,994

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/22/2013, 3:33:58 PM · Difficulty 9.2095 · 6,732,080 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
604c02703003e8531cf35d2349fa6134d8cae8db2bc69e74a41315692cd33b58

Height

#77,994

Difficulty

9.209485

Transactions

2

Size

731 B

Version

2

Bits

0935a0ce

Nonce

188

Timestamp

7/22/2013, 3:33:58 PM

Confirmations

6,732,080

Merkle Root

315c43252df0ed2874763441b090c24f747ab38ecee34102b30547981e077abb
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.096 × 10¹¹³(114-digit number)
10965639877344401980…80470075923782329271
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.096 × 10¹¹³(114-digit number)
10965639877344401980…80470075923782329271
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.193 × 10¹¹³(114-digit number)
21931279754688803961…60940151847564658541
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.386 × 10¹¹³(114-digit number)
43862559509377607923…21880303695129317081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
8.772 × 10¹¹³(114-digit number)
87725119018755215846…43760607390258634161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.754 × 10¹¹⁴(115-digit number)
17545023803751043169…87521214780517268321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.509 × 10¹¹⁴(115-digit number)
35090047607502086338…75042429561034536641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
7.018 × 10¹¹⁴(115-digit number)
70180095215004172677…50084859122069073281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.403 × 10¹¹⁵(116-digit number)
14036019043000834535…00169718244138146561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.807 × 10¹¹⁵(116-digit number)
28072038086001669070…00339436488276293121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,724,663 XPM·at block #6,810,073 · updates every 60s
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