Block #77,863

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/22/2013, 2:12:57 PM · Difficulty 9.2016 · 6,739,087 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
259d8528c93f58f94c736389cd082191e20f80dcc96d37fc9e478e4b27c93f48

Height

#77,863

Difficulty

9.201621

Transactions

2

Size

577 B

Version

2

Bits

09339d6e

Nonce

690

Timestamp

7/22/2013, 2:12:57 PM

Confirmations

6,739,087

Merkle Root

6fbfde57d111e9f3a2f7eb27a2af66132b21595e2db33f8f7236856f992b67b1
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.728 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
97282367892976375840…59212776554984202321
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
9.728 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
97282367892976375840…59212776554984202321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.945 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
19456473578595275168…18425553109968404641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.891 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
38912947157190550336…36851106219936809281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
7.782 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
77825894314381100672…73702212439873618561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.556 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
15565178862876220134…47404424879747237121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.113 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
31130357725752440268…94808849759494474241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
6.226 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
62260715451504880537…89617699518988948481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.245 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
12452143090300976107…79235399037977896961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.490 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
24904286180601952215…58470798075955793921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,779,644 XPM·at block #6,816,949 · updates every 60s
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