Block #775,239

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/19/2014, 8:38:06 AM · Difficulty 10.9819 · 6,034,196 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
de0bce8b6eddabcc45bc3ec68061de0264567e2f818ac6d20f93dbe6fd781f34

Height

#775,239

Difficulty

10.981852

Transactions

6

Size

1.45 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afb5aae

Nonce

648,199,988

Timestamp

10/19/2014, 8:38:06 AM

Confirmations

6,034,196

Merkle Root

3df040040cad22791ffa7e24979896e07b42cd4cd5c63de9dbced6cb94f4a70d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.432 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24320175785010822586…52566125190873141499
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.432 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24320175785010822586…52566125190873141499
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.432 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24320175785010822586…52566125190873141501
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.864 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
48640351570021645173…05132250381746282999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.864 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
48640351570021645173…05132250381746283001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.728 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
97280703140043290347…10264500763492565999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.728 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
97280703140043290347…10264500763492566001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.945 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19456140628008658069…20529001526985131999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.945 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19456140628008658069…20529001526985132001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.891 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38912281256017316139…41058003053970263999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.891 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38912281256017316139…41058003053970264001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.782 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
77824562512034632278…82116006107940527999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,719,549 XPM·at block #6,809,434 · updates every 60s
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