Block #773,214

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/17/2014, 9:10:57 PM · Difficulty 10.9821 · 6,032,842 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f1b8a24cc608f54f7d1c5aa7beb19779c35c0e3eee70a09806866b4b95938a88

Height

#773,214

Difficulty

10.982145

Transactions

8

Size

1.71 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afb6dde

Nonce

92,203,148

Timestamp

10/17/2014, 9:10:57 PM

Confirmations

6,032,842

Merkle Root

8e7a5247c9b00d42c95274a02aba20684e90ca46481a84b6ad09cad9fc135025
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.848 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
48482473298735232865…91174970703298490879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.848 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
48482473298735232865…91174970703298490879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.848 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
48482473298735232865…91174970703298490881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.696 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
96964946597470465730…82349941406596981759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.696 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
96964946597470465730…82349941406596981761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.939 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19392989319494093146…64699882813193963519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.939 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19392989319494093146…64699882813193963521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.878 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38785978638988186292…29399765626387927039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.878 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38785978638988186292…29399765626387927041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.757 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77571957277976372584…58799531252775854079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.757 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77571957277976372584…58799531252775854081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.551 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15514391455595274516…17599062505551708159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,692,531 XPM·at block #6,806,055 · updates every 60s
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