Block #77,180

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/22/2013, 8:01:42 AM · Difficulty 9.1508 · 6,732,965 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
bf42f91e75df1ac9861ea2ef3a17f77a7fe49cb595f691f7441b4c8a2fcf0972

Height

#77,180

Difficulty

9.150780

Transactions

3

Size

1.40 KB

Version

2

Bits

09269980

Nonce

1,334

Timestamp

7/22/2013, 8:01:42 AM

Confirmations

6,732,965

Merkle Root

d4db6bec48d8a1d8a8d8f59fd8c7c7d48af09873ffc2947f2edc3190363ad24e
Transactions (3)
1 in → 1 out11.9500 XPM110 B
5 in → 1 out61.6900 XPM613 B
5 in → 1 out61.7100 XPM614 B
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.132 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
81329957098377589463…69554934374460872321
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
8.132 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
81329957098377589463…69554934374460872321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.626 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
16265991419675517892…39109868748921744641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.253 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
32531982839351035785…78219737497843489281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.506 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
65063965678702071570…56439474995686978561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.301 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
13012793135740414314…12878949991373957121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.602 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
26025586271480828628…25757899982747914241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.205 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
52051172542961657256…51515799965495828481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.041 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
10410234508592331451…03031599930991656961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.082 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
20820469017184662902…06063199861983313921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,725,224 XPM·at block #6,810,144 · updates every 60s
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