Block #75,560

TWNLength 10ā˜…ā˜…ā˜†ā˜†ā˜†

Bi-Twin Chain Ā· Discovered 7/21/2013, 5:16:11 PM Ā· Difficulty 9.0169 Ā· 6,733,683 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
39a63acfa8d39e3a796272561800bc61d6611d3a9a26d447ce5b2bd3f5ac16cc

Height

#75,560

Difficulty

9.016854

Transactions

3

Size

7.56 KB

Version

2

Bits

0904508e

Nonce

858

Timestamp

7/21/2013, 5:16:11 PM

Confirmations

6,733,683

Mined by

Merkle Root

4e8f8543962f54d9ac87bff40d406d4ae8930c59815d86941a66b57b5ff63377
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.101 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
11017355270981246642…02444863302465835479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 | Upper: 2^k Ɨ origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin āˆ’ 1
1.101 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
11017355270981246642…02444863302465835479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.101 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
11017355270981246642…02444863302465835481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 āˆ’ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 Ɨ origin ± 1)
2^1 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1
2.203 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
22034710541962493285…04889726604931670959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 Ɨ origin + 1
2.203 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
22034710541962493285…04889726604931670961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 Ɨ origin + 1 āˆ’ 2^1 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 Ɨ origin ± 1)
2^2 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1
4.406 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
44069421083924986570…09779453209863341919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 Ɨ origin + 1
4.406 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
44069421083924986570…09779453209863341921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 Ɨ origin + 1 āˆ’ 2^2 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 Ɨ origin ± 1)
2^3 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1
8.813 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
88138842167849973140…19558906419726683839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 Ɨ origin + 1
8.813 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
88138842167849973140…19558906419726683841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 Ɨ origin + 1 āˆ’ 2^3 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 Ɨ origin ± 1)
2^4 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1
1.762 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
17627768433569994628…39117812839453367679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 Ɨ origin + 1
1.762 Ɨ 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
17627768433569994628…39117812839453367681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 Ɨ origin + 1 āˆ’ 2^4 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

ā˜…ā˜…ā˜†ā˜†ā˜†
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 Ɨ 3 Ɨ 5 Ɨ 7 Ɨ …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime Ɨ Primorial (2Ā·3Ā·5Ā·7Ā·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial āˆ’ 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,718,009 XPMĀ·at block #6,809,242 Ā· updates every 60s
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