Block #747,185

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/30/2014, 9:06:35 AM · Difficulty 10.9783 · 6,048,098 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1b44a1e4f739b56804bd62cd0f90051adf9c6a9d4757f711ed6d01b6c3121a01

Height

#747,185

Difficulty

10.978279

Transactions

8

Size

2.10 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afa7081

Nonce

328,380,033

Timestamp

9/30/2014, 9:06:35 AM

Confirmations

6,048,098

Merkle Root

2e5a4b13d42d7bfc024ab3e44478dfa947c5a306b753a6ae5ab75dc831e80ace
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.358 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
43587046548973637125…49857936072814100479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.358 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
43587046548973637125…49857936072814100479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.358 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
43587046548973637125…49857936072814100481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.717 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
87174093097947274251…99715872145628200959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.717 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
87174093097947274251…99715872145628200961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.743 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
17434818619589454850…99431744291256401919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.743 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
17434818619589454850…99431744291256401921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.486 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
34869637239178909700…98863488582512803839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.486 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
34869637239178909700…98863488582512803841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.973 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
69739274478357819401…97726977165025607679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.973 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
69739274478357819401…97726977165025607681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.394 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13947854895671563880…95453954330051215359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,606,316 XPM·at block #6,795,282 · updates every 60s
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