Block #732,983

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/21/2014, 7:07:32 AM · Difficulty 10.9723 · 6,066,476 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6288289a6ce59aace3486220199aef4bf7466e41553620cfbb2bf5e84a2ef118

Height

#732,983

Difficulty

10.972318

Transactions

6

Size

1.34 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af8e9d8

Nonce

714,435,598

Timestamp

9/21/2014, 7:07:32 AM

Confirmations

6,066,476

Merkle Root

b9749309dd0bd442f9bec8080c028d9ca2221cb0ca2bace4236772f5bd068c7e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.242 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
82424163407945149422…16016403056354898639
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.242 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
82424163407945149422…16016403056354898639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.242 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
82424163407945149422…16016403056354898641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.648 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16484832681589029884…32032806112709797279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.648 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16484832681589029884…32032806112709797281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.296 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
32969665363178059768…64065612225419594559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.296 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
32969665363178059768…64065612225419594561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.593 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
65939330726356119537…28131224450839189119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.593 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
65939330726356119537…28131224450839189121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.318 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13187866145271223907…56262448901678378239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.318 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13187866145271223907…56262448901678378241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,639,719 XPM·at block #6,799,458 · updates every 60s
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