Block #70,911

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/20/2013, 4:06:00 PM · Difficulty 8.9927 · 6,745,307 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
898eb3b77eaec0aad3e924fb384f546d07b4e31b4f1a5cc052abddc7ad4a0c2e

Height

#70,911

Difficulty

8.992652

Transactions

1

Size

199 B

Version

2

Bits

08fe1e73

Nonce

65

Timestamp

7/20/2013, 4:06:00 PM

Confirmations

6,745,307

Merkle Root

9704fb15c3115fedd6dafd967abffac790f77474fa5bfc2a72586c169ba7117a
Transactions (1)
1 in → 1 out12.3500 XPM110 B
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.514 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
15147844890744714368…36163490790454101421
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.514 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
15147844890744714368…36163490790454101421
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.029 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
30295689781489428736…72326981580908202841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.059 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
60591379562978857473…44653963161816405681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.211 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12118275912595771494…89307926323632811361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.423 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
24236551825191542989…78615852647265622721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.847 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
48473103650383085979…57231705294531245441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
9.694 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
96946207300766171958…14463410589062490881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.938 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
19389241460153234391…28926821178124981761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.877 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
38778482920306468783…57853642356249963521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,773,873 XPM·at block #6,816,217 · updates every 60s
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