Block #695,764

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/27/2014, 7:42:51 PM · Difficulty 10.9579 · 6,111,707 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2080b8c7a86d54f63b4556618c264bd4f2f384a2575331911045df66ed2a59fd

Height

#695,764

Difficulty

10.957882

Transactions

17

Size

7.17 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af537c2

Nonce

1,868,964,489

Timestamp

8/27/2014, 7:42:51 PM

Confirmations

6,111,707

Merkle Root

63aaa941666a2d4f40a9328a3cbdc1f8a168f16bddb954163cc2980b8bd00f35
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.397 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13979843074066530087…13763563153678079999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.397 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13979843074066530087…13763563153678079999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.397 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13979843074066530087…13763563153678080001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.795 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27959686148133060175…27527126307356159999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.795 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27959686148133060175…27527126307356160001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.591 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55919372296266120351…55054252614712319999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.591 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55919372296266120351…55054252614712320001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.118 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11183874459253224070…10108505229424639999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.118 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11183874459253224070…10108505229424640001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.236 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22367748918506448140…20217010458849279999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.236 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22367748918506448140…20217010458849280001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,703,793 XPM·at block #6,807,470 · updates every 60s
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