Block #694,844

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/27/2014, 5:03:38 AM · Difficulty 10.9575 · 6,117,960 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a281b35f1ed8a2dec0ca60b35ec6cf7c2d76df16c12d6f45048649421a764e9e

Height

#694,844

Difficulty

10.957511

Transactions

9

Size

7.95 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af51f6b

Nonce

2,279,518,990

Timestamp

8/27/2014, 5:03:38 AM

Confirmations

6,117,960

Merkle Root

6abe78d4e75f53c40d8654aa7421f7115d89b78cc6ca0b6cf5383d3ad317b1a9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.872 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
78726711981940994398…49146895317510248959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.872 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
78726711981940994398…49146895317510248959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.872 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
78726711981940994398…49146895317510248961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.574 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15745342396388198879…98293790635020497919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.574 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15745342396388198879…98293790635020497921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.149 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31490684792776397759…96587581270040995839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.149 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31490684792776397759…96587581270040995841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.298 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
62981369585552795518…93175162540081991679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.298 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
62981369585552795518…93175162540081991681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.259 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12596273917110559103…86350325080163983359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.259 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12596273917110559103…86350325080163983361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.519 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
25192547834221118207…72700650160327966719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,746,476 XPM·at block #6,812,803 · updates every 60s
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