Block #683,297

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.956 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)

39566399637794027888…36747938988979105279

Discovered Prime Numbers

Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)

origin − 1

3.956 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)

39566399637794027888…36747938988979105279

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

origin + 1

3.956 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)

39566399637794027888…36747938988979105281

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)

2^1 × origin − 1

7.913 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)

79132799275588055777…73495877977958210559

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

2^1 × origin + 1

7.913 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)

79132799275588055777…73495877977958210561

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)

2^2 × origin − 1

1.582 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

15826559855117611155…46991755955916421119

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

2^2 × origin + 1

1.582 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

15826559855117611155…46991755955916421121

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)

2^3 × origin − 1

3.165 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

31653119710235222310…93983511911832842239

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

2^3 × origin + 1

3.165 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

31653119710235222310…93983511911832842241

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)

2^4 × origin − 1

6.330 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

63306239420470444621…87967023823665684479

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

2^4 × origin + 1

6.330 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

63306239420470444621…87967023823665684481

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)

2^5 × origin − 1

1.266 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)

12661247884094088924…75934047647331368959

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆

Rarity

RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)

Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer