Block #671,066

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 8/10/2014, 12:50:49 AM · Difficulty 10.9641 · 6,134,134 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
460ebb4ee9fc7f9191aad9f53567edb037fb3e31397237dfc944ec0447da2a8e

Height

#671,066

Difficulty

10.964138

Transactions

7

Size

4.56 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af6d1c1

Nonce

548,503,919

Timestamp

8/10/2014, 12:50:49 AM

Confirmations

6,134,134

Merkle Root

1c22517bb9bc6f81d073956ea00684bf8621de4f42a68b7ad353d77e1601253d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.461 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
84615015709086839857…61580885700597862401
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
8.461 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
84615015709086839857…61580885700597862401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.692 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16923003141817367971…23161771401195724801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.384 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
33846006283634735943…46323542802391449601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.769 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
67692012567269471886…92647085604782899201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.353 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13538402513453894377…85294171209565798401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.707 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
27076805026907788754…70588342419131596801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.415 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
54153610053815577508…41176684838263193601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.083 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10830722010763115501…82353369676526387201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.166 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
21661444021526231003…64706739353052774401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
4.332 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
43322888043052462007…29413478706105548801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,685,670 XPM·at block #6,805,199 · updates every 60s
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