Block #668,570

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.357 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

23578209515565639780…15867120274895751681

Discovered Prime Numbers

p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

origin + 1

2.357 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

23578209515565639780…15867120274895751681

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^1 × origin + 1

4.715 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

47156419031131279561…31734240549791503361

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^2 × origin + 1

9.431 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

94312838062262559123…63468481099583006721

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^3 × origin + 1

1.886 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)

18862567612452511824…26936962199166013441

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^4 × origin + 1

3.772 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)

37725135224905023649…53873924398332026881

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^5 × origin + 1

7.545 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)

75450270449810047299…07747848796664053761

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^6 × origin + 1

1.509 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)

15090054089962009459…15495697593328107521

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^7 × origin + 1

3.018 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)

30180108179924018919…30991395186656215041

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^8 × origin + 1

6.036 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)

60360216359848037839…61982790373312430081

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^9 × origin + 1

1.207 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)

12072043271969607567…23965580746624860161

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

×2−1 →

2^10 × origin + 1

2.414 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)

24144086543939215135…47931161493249720321

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆

Rarity

RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)

Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Block #668,570

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