Block #663,768

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.190 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)

21904029676331127145…37695604644231137279

Discovered Prime Numbers

Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)

origin − 1

2.190 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)

21904029676331127145…37695604644231137279

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

origin + 1

2.190 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)

21904029676331127145…37695604644231137281

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)

2^1 × origin − 1

4.380 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)

43808059352662254290…75391209288462274559

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

2^1 × origin + 1

4.380 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)

43808059352662254290…75391209288462274561

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)

2^2 × origin − 1

8.761 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)

87616118705324508581…50782418576924549119

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

2^2 × origin + 1

8.761 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)

87616118705324508581…50782418576924549121

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)

2^3 × origin − 1

1.752 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

17523223741064901716…01564837153849098239

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

2^3 × origin + 1

1.752 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

17523223741064901716…01564837153849098241

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)

2^4 × origin − 1

3.504 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

35046447482129803432…03129674307698196479

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

2^4 × origin + 1

3.504 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

35046447482129803432…03129674307698196481

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)

2^5 × origin − 1

7.009 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)

70092894964259606865…06259348615396392959

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆

Rarity

RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)

Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Block #663,768

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