Block #660,732

2CCLength 11★★★☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 8/3/2014, 12:43:07 PM · Difficulty 10.9562 · 6,141,906 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
151fbb704de8baef2ac23fb99dbc58f9b12d4c6f3e93fdd17da5fd0f571fcd2f

Height

#660,732

Difficulty

10.956199

Transactions

4

Size

1.01 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af4c978

Nonce

933,792,858

Timestamp

8/3/2014, 12:43:07 PM

Confirmations

6,141,906

Merkle Root

79a6bcb0b12a27c4b2f6604a39e56e303150ce74504e38cc00eb550daf6d7659
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.509 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55093686806410677272…35595642761664214401
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
5.509 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55093686806410677272…35595642761664214401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.101 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11018737361282135454…71191285523328428801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.203 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22037474722564270908…42382571046656857601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.407 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44074949445128541817…84765142093313715201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
8.814 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
88149898890257083635…69530284186627430401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.762 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17629979778051416727…39060568373254860801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.525 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
35259959556102833454…78121136746509721601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
7.051 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
70519919112205666908…56242273493019443201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.410 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14103983822441133381…12484546986038886401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.820 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
28207967644882266763…24969093972077772801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
5.641 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
56415935289764533526…49938187944155545601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,665,119 XPM·at block #6,802,637 · updates every 60s
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