Block #64,529

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/19/2013, 7:54:07 AM · Difficulty 8.9819 · 6,732,282 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
c4d33458b8156cb051bf4d94354dc1bff5c714fc610bd3b71ee70903af128942

Height

#64,529

Difficulty

8.981922

Transactions

1

Size

198 B

Version

2

Bits

08fb5f40

Nonce

1,093

Timestamp

7/19/2013, 7:54:07 AM

Confirmations

6,732,282

Merkle Root

6a16e9d8707508ba9dae1119551c523540f24f3dd2ab7abd9ffde7ecb049d3f2
Transactions (1)
1 in → 1 out12.3800 XPM110 B
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.137 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
21378036821516411286…10333930254828366931
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.137 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
21378036821516411286…10333930254828366931
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.275 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
42756073643032822573…20667860509656733861
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
8.551 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
85512147286065645146…41335721019313467721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.710 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
17102429457213129029…82671442038626935441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.420 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
34204858914426258058…65342884077253870881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.840 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
68409717828852516116…30685768154507741761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.368 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13681943565770503223…61371536309015483521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.736 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
27363887131541006446…22743072618030967041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.472 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
54727774263082012893…45486145236061934081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,618,503 XPM·at block #6,796,810 · updates every 60s
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