Block #642,030

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/21/2014, 10:18:29 AM · Difficulty 10.9570 · 6,160,479 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
9b170d68b721c0cb5f56608cdc4e481b0565c3d52647b756ab5dfa5155edbf44

Height

#642,030

Difficulty

10.957034

Transactions

3

Size

96.16 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af5002b

Nonce

1,637,834,509

Timestamp

7/21/2014, 10:18:29 AM

Confirmations

6,160,479

Merkle Root

25883148f0be8e99a77be11e1616e75705194785f17c7494dc15d7dfb3d31153
Transactions (3)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.244 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
52445924079473505513…89098747081927367201
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
5.244 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
52445924079473505513…89098747081927367201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.048 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10489184815894701102…78197494163854734401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.097 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20978369631789402205…56394988327709468801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.195 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41956739263578804410…12789976655418937601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
8.391 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
83913478527157608821…25579953310837875201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.678 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16782695705431521764…51159906621675750401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.356 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
33565391410863043528…02319813243351500801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.713 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
67130782821726087056…04639626486703001601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.342 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13426156564345217411…09279252973406003201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.685 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26852313128690434822…18558505946812006401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,664,080 XPM·at block #6,802,508 · updates every 60s
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