Block #615,823

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/4/2014, 5:48:20 AM · Difficulty 10.9415 · 6,192,594 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
bcc23d9f2fd8723261bbe83e9d1131267d48e6e8d1b77ef8f43da93df9868846

Height

#615,823

Difficulty

10.941494

Transactions

6

Size

1.73 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af105c4

Nonce

613,619,644

Timestamp

7/4/2014, 5:48:20 AM

Confirmations

6,192,594

Merkle Root

761f63056a337c17a47a1ce003204192191375c11cf495d23b3b16f1c5a2edf9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.428 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24282635731992440468…67266846500918562719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.428 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24282635731992440468…67266846500918562719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.428 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24282635731992440468…67266846500918562721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.856 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
48565271463984880937…34533693001837125439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.856 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
48565271463984880937…34533693001837125441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.713 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
97130542927969761874…69067386003674250879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.713 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
97130542927969761874…69067386003674250881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.942 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19426108585593952374…38134772007348501759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.942 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19426108585593952374…38134772007348501761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.885 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38852217171187904749…76269544014697003519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.885 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38852217171187904749…76269544014697003521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.770 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
77704434342375809499…52539088029394007039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,711,395 XPM·at block #6,808,416 · updates every 60s
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