Block #611,011

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/1/2014, 11:41:07 PM · Difficulty 10.9200 · 6,192,749 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
635ff8cb61890706196459a7931d5fa44deda16ef2082cd37c7fd86fe3fb6748

Height

#611,011

Difficulty

10.920011

Transactions

7

Size

1.52 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aeb85dd

Nonce

32,711,769

Timestamp

7/1/2014, 11:41:07 PM

Confirmations

6,192,749

Merkle Root

48870bef57b36d27cb21335fc2dbae96b0aaec2f4fb1a3ec33330cb4d2c2505e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.262 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
92626882647966547705…03000961913527868159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.262 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
92626882647966547705…03000961913527868159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.262 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
92626882647966547705…03000961913527868161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.852 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18525376529593309541…06001923827055736319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.852 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18525376529593309541…06001923827055736321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.705 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
37050753059186619082…12003847654111472639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.705 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
37050753059186619082…12003847654111472641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.410 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
74101506118373238164…24007695308222945279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.410 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
74101506118373238164…24007695308222945281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.482 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14820301223674647632…48015390616445890559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.482 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14820301223674647632…48015390616445890561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.964 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29640602447349295265…96030781232891781119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,674,120 XPM·at block #6,803,759 · updates every 60s
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