Block #609,867

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/1/2014, 10:40:38 AM · Difficulty 10.9140 · 6,204,076 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
3522361dbaeaa7a5500d39cf43991a78705d132deb4b73e9210d28806ea63fd7

Height

#609,867

Difficulty

10.913979

Transactions

12

Size

4.22 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ae9fa85

Nonce

557,555,662

Timestamp

7/1/2014, 10:40:38 AM

Confirmations

6,204,076

Merkle Root

c83102ee1a2f09742839b4bb4adb35dba63d5285dc92f448f816293d25868063
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.592 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15927399487576568590…23598724345051327359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.592 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15927399487576568590…23598724345051327359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.592 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15927399487576568590…23598724345051327361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.185 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31854798975153137181…47197448690102654719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.185 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31854798975153137181…47197448690102654721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.370 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
63709597950306274362…94394897380205309439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.370 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
63709597950306274362…94394897380205309441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.274 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12741919590061254872…88789794760410618879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.274 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12741919590061254872…88789794760410618881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.548 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25483839180122509745…77579589520821237759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.548 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25483839180122509745…77579589520821237761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,755,621 XPM·at block #6,813,942 · updates every 60s
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