Block #604,741

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 6/28/2014, 12:47:34 AM · Difficulty 10.9100 · 6,197,769 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0913403810fc23bb2adb2155dde082f00f4680288bb793cb91388f7543b8a5aa

Height

#604,741

Difficulty

10.910035

Transactions

6

Size

1.31 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ae8f807

Nonce

81,001,215

Timestamp

6/28/2014, 12:47:34 AM

Confirmations

6,197,769

Merkle Root

af3aab38ee392962476589d2929f1c7b19188e4714b6ebb018a8118f9bffb18b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.038 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10385897033535534607…76611968130042332159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.038 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10385897033535534607…76611968130042332159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.038 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10385897033535534607…76611968130042332161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.077 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
20771794067071069214…53223936260084664319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.077 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
20771794067071069214…53223936260084664321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.154 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
41543588134142138429…06447872520169328639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.154 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
41543588134142138429…06447872520169328641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.308 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
83087176268284276858…12895745040338657279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.308 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
83087176268284276858…12895745040338657281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.661 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
16617435253656855371…25791490080677314559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.661 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
16617435253656855371…25791490080677314561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,664,088 XPM·at block #6,802,509 · updates every 60s
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