Block #59,642

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/18/2013, 3:26:22 AM · Difficulty 8.9658 · 6,757,979 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
d3b43eca0d2687da9be1b75bee533ef9411281a84848789d259d823fa50e5be4

Height

#59,642

Difficulty

8.965812

Transactions

2

Size

643 B

Version

2

Bits

08f73f70

Nonce

149

Timestamp

7/18/2013, 3:26:22 AM

Confirmations

6,757,979

Merkle Root

782e4a9ffc7d123acb6cfe9550a787eda3ece9ad427cc1040864ba08a77ab3f2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.202 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12021068771960426535…71258511085234780921
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.202 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12021068771960426535…71258511085234780921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.404 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24042137543920853070…42517022170469561841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.808 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
48084275087841706140…85034044340939123681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
9.616 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
96168550175683412281…70068088681878247361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.923 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
19233710035136682456…40136177363756494721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.846 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
38467420070273364912…80272354727512989441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
7.693 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
76934840140546729825…60544709455025978881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.538 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15386968028109345965…21089418910051957761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.077 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
30773936056218691930…42178837820103915521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,785,018 XPM·at block #6,817,620 · updates every 60s
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