Block #594,695

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 6/19/2014, 5:27:13 PM · Difficulty 10.9382 · 6,208,380 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
091c1726f02d94fc6bd94ce7c53ecbff926d5f85522e1c3a260c5079d67eba38

Height

#594,695

Difficulty

10.938170

Transactions

8

Size

2.76 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af02be2

Nonce

12,390,558

Timestamp

6/19/2014, 5:27:13 PM

Confirmations

6,208,380

Merkle Root

da88f79518512c8c003b5c7fa2495cf268965aa4e3e8d10b5550ccdcd896fe07
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.665 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
66659047912857605583…13688927879277281279
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.665 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
66659047912857605583…13688927879277281279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.665 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
66659047912857605583…13688927879277281281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.333 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13331809582571521116…27377855758554562559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.333 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13331809582571521116…27377855758554562561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.666 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
26663619165143042233…54755711517109125119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.666 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
26663619165143042233…54755711517109125121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.332 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
53327238330286084467…09511423034218250239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.332 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
53327238330286084467…09511423034218250241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.066 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10665447666057216893…19022846068436500479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.066 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10665447666057216893…19022846068436500481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,668,630 XPM·at block #6,803,074 · updates every 60s
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