Block #592,889

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 6/18/2014, 6:18:12 AM · Difficulty 10.9417 · 6,216,510 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b5f4e3fb862b84b32a7597de4618fb5fde3078f9bffa0d985e19e6e5a5642dca

Height

#592,889

Difficulty

10.941708

Transactions

10

Size

2.48 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af113cd

Nonce

207,528,322

Timestamp

6/18/2014, 6:18:12 AM

Confirmations

6,216,510

Merkle Root

7895516bf9c09c84350e658ab3b4b228d6cc6801da3b2edb1f593039a0f9ef46
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.821 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18212517783500507901…73970583345831648299
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.821 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18212517783500507901…73970583345831648299
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.821 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
18212517783500507901…73970583345831648301
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.642 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
36425035567001015802…47941166691663296599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.642 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
36425035567001015802…47941166691663296601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.285 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
72850071134002031605…95882333383326593199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.285 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
72850071134002031605…95882333383326593201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.457 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14570014226800406321…91764666766653186399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.457 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14570014226800406321…91764666766653186401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.914 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
29140028453600812642…83529333533306372799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.914 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
29140028453600812642…83529333533306372801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,719,266 XPM·at block #6,809,398 · updates every 60s
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